How to translate "outside" into Russian language?

Question

I found some words in Cambridge dictionary but it is not clear to me when to use each one of them and how:

снаружи, вне, за пределами, под

Now I have some examples:

• There is no students outside the class (car, bus, metro).
• It is in the box or outside the box.
• Wait me please outside the room, I will call you when your turn comes.

Answer 1

There are no students outside the class - Вне класса / Снаружи студентов нет

It is in the box or outside the box - Это в коробке или вне коробки

Please wait outside the room - Подожди, пожалуйста, за пределами/вне комнаты / снаружи

За пределами is mainly used with objects denoting large spaces and which have formal boundaries. It's a more technical preposition.

Снаружи normally doesn't require an object, i.e. used by itself, the object is implied being derived from the context.

Out of the three cнаружи and вне are the most usable in mundane speech.

Под is synonymous with the other three in the context of relative disposition of cities and suburbs when cities proper names are mentioned.

Мы живём под Москвой - We live outside Moscow

But

We live outside the city - Мы живём за городом

Под also can be translated as outside in the sense of in front of / near a building, e.g.

Встречаемся под университетом ^{colloquial, poss. regional}- Let's meet up outside of the university

Otherwise it literally means under(neath).

Answer 2

The literal word for outside is снаружи, however its usage is mainly limited to something like boxes or containers. It doesn't combine well with rooms and buildings, so proper translation in those two cases depends much on context:

outside (the room) - в коридоре, за дверью (the latter is not polite in a request to wait there);

outside (the building) - на улице, у входа (в здание), у подъезда

It's raining outside. - На улице дождь.

Answer 3

As already mentioned they are mostly the same (though под also means "under"), the exact usage depends on the finesse. Here, I am trying to capture it in translation.

• Снаружи is outside in the sense of "there is also inside and it's not it". Like, outside the box.

• Вне is outside in the sense of "no bounds". It's also a bit oldish and bookish. (For example, there was a classic short Sci-Fi story from the Golded Era called "Извне", which basically means "from ouside", the antonym of "within", but conveys the meaning of "from outer space".)

  Вне is also more abstract. "Outside the building" is снаружи, "any categories do not apply here" is вне категорий.

• За пределами is verbatim "out of bounds". There should be some boundary for it, like "outside the city".
• I at first translated под as "under". Indeed, there is also a somewhat colloquial meaning "closeby", as in под окном: "I'll be waiting outside in front of your window." Other answers elaborate a bit on this, somehow in the usage it's always outside the building/object that is referenced.