It's acceptable but stylistically flawed to use the impersonal construct with an identified direct object (one which you would have used with "the" in English).
You examples 1b and 4b sound a little bit peculiar out of context.
1b would have made sense in this conversation:
— Я обещал тебе на день рождения собаку. Хочешь, я куплю тебе таксу?
— Спасибо, но мне хочется овчарку.
, which makes clear it's not about any particular dog but rather the breed in general.
4b is better worded this way:
Ребёнку захотелось конфет
or
Ребёнку захотелось конфеты
, again, for the same reason.
What is the difference
Quite close to "I want" vs "I would like".