In the phrase "Я не хочу у вас жить, когда я буду в Москве" I would expect an instrumental case, for example with preposition c, but why actually preposition y is used?
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2 Answers
The verb жить can be used to answer the question - 'С кем ты будешь жить?' (with whom will you live?) - in that case indeed it will be "я не хочу с вами жить".
But the other question is "у кого ты будешь жить?" (roughly, at whose [place] you gonna live).
The difference between "жить с" and "жить у" is that the first one is something more fundamental. "Жить с кем-то" - implies some sort of long-term relationships of some kind - like "жить с родителями", "жить с девушкой".
One can say "жить у девушки", "жить у родителей", that's both grammatically correct and used form, but, however, when you are talking about some shirt-term event, say you want to visit your uncle, you'll probably will say something like "Я жил у дяди пару недель", but "Я жил с дядей пару недель" will sound slightly off to Russian speaker.
Also, there's form "пожить у кого-то" (but rather not "пожить с кем-то") - the "по-" suffix here indicates some short action.
Я не хочу у вас жить = I do not want to live at yours. (that is in his/her home but maybe agree to live together in a hotel)
Я не хочу с вами жить = I do not want to live with you. (in any place, including a hotel or dormitory)
