Животноводство (from животные) describes animal husbandry and particularly cattle-raising. From how long ago is it attested?
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The word or the practice? – Sergey Slepov Oct 5 '17 at 6:24
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@SergeySlepov obviously this is a question about the word - it's a Stack about Russian Language. – shabunc♦ Oct 5 '17 at 9:27
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Well, this kind of terms - I mean, terms for describing some branch of economical activity as a whole - usually came to active usage when economical statistics became a thing.
In Russia, more or less like in the rest of the Europe this happened in the second half of XVIII century. One of the first economic entities in Russian Empire was, to my knowledge, "Free Economic Society" (in Russian, "Императорское Вольное экономическое общество") which published a magazine dedicated to descriptive economic statistics.
In this magazine you won't find животноводство, but, however you can easily find скотоводство - this word has been used from the very beginning, as early as in 1765 you can find:
Дѣлать вѣрные опыты, касающееся додомостроительства, земледѣлія, береженія и размноженія лѢсовъ, скотоводства, рыбныхъ и звѣриныхъ промысловъ, горныхъ дѣлъ, мануфактуръ, всякикъ рукодѣлій и прочаго.
Technically the term скотоводство is narrower than животноводство since it only about livestock but de-facto скотоводство was widely used throughout XIXth century (and it's actually still widely used) while животноводство gradually become more frequently used at the end of XIXth - beginning of XXth century:
There's an article in famous "Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона" about Зоотехния (there was an attempt to use this word as more scientific but it never became popular - though зоотехник is still used), in this article we can read:
У нас эти названия переводят словом "животноводство", а несколько десятков лет тому назад, нынешняя З. называлась просто скотоводством (Viehzucht).
