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I don't mean the military term, but the one used in hydrology:

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I think it can be called "дамба". Дамба is usually used for men-made armor but also for natural ones. Another word is "берегоукрепление" or maybe "укрепительная конструкция", "укрепительное сооружение" with river or sea context in whole text. "Берегоукрепление" is more common word which means some construction used to protect river boundaries. "A stream bed armored with rocks" can be translated as "Русло реки, укреплённое камнями", "Русло реки, защищённое камнями" or maybe "Русло реки, выстланное камнями". "Выстланное" does not mean armoring directly but implies it from context.

Also small rocks on the bottom of river like pebbles can be called "дренаж".

UPD

Here I found a term for natural formation, it is called "Каменистые образования" and divided into following terms:

"Гряда" is an underwater accumulation of stones over the entire width of the channel.

"Высыпка" is a hard sandbank formed by the removal of small pebbles or stones from a ravine or tributary, somewhat downstream.

"Огрудок" is a small accumulation of stones in the channel, usually elongated along the coast at a small distance from it, a single stone in the streambed in this case is called "одинец".

"Опечки" are small underwater pebble banks in the form of knolls, they are common for rivers flowing in rocky soils.

"Порог" is a stony section of the channel with a large slope, which is characterized by a high flow velocity and shallow depths.

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    Thanks, but it looks to me that "берегоукрепление", "укрепительная конструкция", "укрепительное сооружение" and "берегоукрепление" all imply something hand-made. However, the first wiki article says in definition: "most commonly hydrological armor occurs naturally". Do you have any Russian term that would imply a natural formation with the involvement of a human hand?
    – brilliant
    Feb 16, 2020 at 6:13
  • @brilliant I've updated in the answer, it is called "каменистые образования", so, the label "A stream bed armored with rocks" can be translated as "каменистые образования в русле реки"
    – dmitry1100
    Feb 16, 2020 at 7:20
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Usually, irrespective of what material covers the river bed, in Russian it's called нанос 'alluvium'. If it consists of sediment material, mud, then it's осадочный нанос, of sand is песчаный нанос, of pebbles is галечный нанос, of big jagged rocks is крупнообломочный нанос [Source].

Riprap, which is artificial, is called каменная наброска in Russian.

'River morphology' is русловедение in Russian, here's a good book in Russian about it:
Чалов Р. С., Русловедение: теория, география, практика. Морфодинамика речных русел. Том 2 (you can read it online there)
It's in 3 volumes, but this one is exactly about the stuff you're interested in.

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    WOW!!! Thank you!
    – brilliant
    Feb 16, 2020 at 7:09

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