Consider the following example:
Instead of going to the ball.
I know "вместо" means instead but I don't know how to translate "of doing something". Maybe there is another way of saying the same thing.
Instead of
+ doing something
translate as вместо того, чтобы
+ что-то делать/сделать
.
'Instead of going to the ball'. -> "Вместо того, чтобы идти/пойти на бал."
The answer of @eugen is 100% valid, I just want to add yet another translation pattern which can be used in context of colloquial speech when there's some verb in imperative mood: чем ["instead" part], лучше б/б лучше...
For example:
So, in some cases "instead of" can be translated this way, but, once again, the set of use cases is quite narrower than speaking of pattern provided in @eugens' answer.
Sometimes you can use verb-derived nouns.
"Вместо похода на бал Золушка весь вечер занималась уборкой."