Questions tagged [грамматика]
How the grammar works: how different forms of the same word can be used, what they mean, how they are composed into phrases or sentences. Use this tag with or without a more precise one (check out "morphology", "syntax", "word-order", and tags for different parts of speech ("nouns") and grammatical categories ("cases")).
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What are the lesser known Russian cases?
In schools, it is taught that Modern Russian has 6 cases:
Nominative (Именительный)
Genitive (Родительный)
Dative (Дательный)
Accusative (Винительный)
Instrumental (Творительный)
...
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Я вижу + numeral + noun - governed by what case?
Я ви́жу одного́ ма́льчика. (I see one boy.)
Я ви́жу два до́ма. (I see two houses.)
Я ви́жу двух ма́льчиков. (I see two boys.)
I often get confused with the cases. As far as I know, after "...
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What part of speech is "нельзя"?
What part of speech is "нельзя"? I see so many Russian dictionaries say it is used as a predicative complement (предикатив), but none of the ones I saw would "dare" state it as an adverb (наречие).
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Краткая и полная форма прилагательного в сказуемом
У меня в голове хаос, и я уже не знаю, что и как.
Меня в школе учили, что в составном сказуемом всегда используется краткая форма прилагательного, и я всегда использовал краткую форму. В другом месте ...
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Elementary understanding of the concept aspect
First, for the aim of this question I must say that I am not familiar with the Russian language, but I read a bit about it and am curious. I've never learned Russian before and just able to say a ...
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When to use the genitive or the accusative in negative sentences
In my Russian course we have learnt that in negative sentences the object
is often in the genitive. On the other hand there are situations in which
it is correct to use an accusative, and there is ...
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answer
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"Крыса была примечательная" or "примечательна"?
У неё была одна странность: она дружила с крысой. Крыса была примечательная, жила неизвестно где и приходила на зов.
Почему здесь нет краткой формы прилагательного, т.е. примечательна? Это ведь (...
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Case of complements in Russian
Context: My book says that:
The copular verb is absent in the present tense for a compound predicate and the noun [which is the complement] is in the nominative case. In the past and future tenses ...
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What's the first person singular future of победить
What is the first person singular of победить in future tense? The other person-numbers have obvious forms such as:
ты победишь, мы победим, они победят, вы победите, он победит, я ???
The obvious &...
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2
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Order of declensions (склонения)
I'm learning Russian, and I see it mentioned in study material that Russian nouns have three declensions (склонения). In English-language learning material, the order of the declensions is like so:
...
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2
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Are there analogous words for words оба, обе for three and more?
I can take two books in the bookshop and say обе to indicate I want to buy both.
Are there any analogous words for three and more items, to indicate that I have all of them in mind?
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Use of Dative after учить etc
I've always had trouble figuring out why the dative is used in such constructions:
Я учу драконов русскому языку каждый день—вот беда моя!
So why is the verb учить followed by an accusative object ...
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3
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Много людей (знает/знают)
I encountered this phrase: "Много людей в Европе и Америке знает о Петербурге."
The subject is intuitively plural, so I expected "знают" - "Много людей знают...".
When are singular verbs used in ...
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"Кем бы он ни был" or "кто бы он ни был" - which one to choose?
With structures such as the following how do we decide whether кто should be instrumental or nominative—
кем бы он ни был
OR
кто бы он ни был
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2
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The Meaning of "Ещё"
At first, I wash taught that ещё means "yet". However, as I get deeper into the grammar, I'm seeing that sometimes it means " more" or even "else"! What is the actual ...
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5
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2
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Parts of speech in the question "Чей это ...?"
When someone asks a question along the lines:
Чей это кот?
Чья это собака?
Чьё это письмо?
Чьи это очки?
I have the following two questions regarding the structure of these interrogative sentences:
...
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2
answers
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Ways to better study глаголы движения
I'm terrible with movement verbs, I never use them well, especially with prefixes, the way to use them changes a lot!!! I get incredibly confuse.
So if someone has a good book reference regarding ...
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"Aэропорт "Домодедово" - why not genitve?
When we form a noun phrase, we use either adjectives or genitive case. For
example;
красная машина -> feminine adjective + feminine noun (red car)
цвет цветка -> nominative case + genitive case ...
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When do I use "мой" и "моя"
I have been learning Russian for a year now. I took a trip to somewhere where there are many Russian speaking peoples. I realized that I use мойи моя incorrectly. Can someone please help me.
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What is the difference between "мосте" and "мосту" for a prepositional form of "мост"?
I have found the following sentence:
Девочка сидит на мосту.
However, when I looked up мост in my dictionary, I found that it listed two declined forms on the prepositional, which is мосте and ...
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3
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Regarding case usage with звать
Let's take a very simple sentence like Меня зовут Анна. While typically translated as "My name is Anna" a more literal translation would be, "They call me Anna," correct? Меня is the accusative, or ...
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2
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How to tell a participle from an adjective?
What's the right way to tell a present passive participle from an adjective? I guess if the agent is mentioned (like in "Изменяемый мною проект"), then it's for sure a participle. But what about such ...
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votes
3
answers
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Numerals and cases - why in this sentence the adjective is in plural form?
I'm studying numerals and I found this example:
У меня есть 2 старших брата, и одна старшая сестра
far as I know after У меня есть It should be an nominative, so for the rule of the numbers the 2 ...
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2
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Use of instrumental with был/быть, e.g. "Ты был забавным."
Today the following sentence came up in a chat with a Russian friend:
Ты был забавным.
Here the adjective is in dative instrumental case, but I would expect it to be in nominative together with the ...
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Why "лук" is a mass noun while "огурец" is not?
In Russian, we use some fruit and vegetable names as mass nouns and don't form plural for them:
Салат с луком / капустой / клубникой
while the others do form plural:
Салат с огурцами / ...
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4
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Why do I keep seeing зову́т for third person singular?
I've seen phrases like Как его зовут? in several places, but when I look up зовут, it appears to be the third person plural. Why is it being used for the singular, here?
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How acceptable is to omit pronouns in certain verb usages?
That's it, for example, is it acceptable to say Люблю тебя, or do you have to use я Люблю тебя. Or читал книгу instead of Я читал книгу?
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What form is "в гости"?
So, "Я в гостях" seems to be prepositional plural of гость
"Я иду в гости" leaves me puzzled, though. According to conjugation tables, it is nominative plural, while в used to express direction ...
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Why "ничего не понимaю" ? Isn't "я ничего понимaю" enough?
There is already a negation included in ничего, in the statement "Я ничего не понимaю". I cannot figure out why instead of using "Я ничего понимaю" one uses that expression that apparently contains a ...
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"Пока чайник закипит" or "пока чайник не закипит"
There is a russian joke the optimist is that who says "Ждать, пока чайник закипит" and pessimist is, in turn, a person who'd prefer to say "Ждать, пока чайник не закипит".
Those two form are opposite ...
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2
answers
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Не справился с управлением транспортным средством/транспортного средства?
What way is correct here?
... водитель не справился с управлением транспортным средством
or
... водитель не справился с управлением транспортного средства
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Why do Russians say "Чего?" and not "Что?" when they didn't understand something?
Иди, дело есть. ― Чего? ― спросил Карусельщик с подозрением, но из тумана все же показался. // [Елена Хаецкая. Синие стрекозы Вавилона/ Семеро праведных в раю господина (2004)]
Could anybody explain ...
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Is "глядя на нас, сразу понятно, что ..." grammatically valid?
I heard the following phrase in one media advertisement:
Глядя на нас, сразу понятно, что я ... , а он ... .
Subconsciously I doubt if it is grammatically correct phrase.
Could you clarify it ...
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Difference between "за" (as in "за что-либо/кого-либо") and "для"
In what contexts should I use за or для when saying "for" or "to" something or someone?
For example, I understand that it is proper to use "за" when calling out a toast: "за Россию!". But that you ...
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Difference between нужно и надо
Hello probably this is duplicate question but I still can't understand the difference in use between these 2 words?
Надо и нужно
Can you give me some examples please?
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2
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Difference between 'падать' and 'упасть'
I am a new student of the russian language. I came across 'падать/упасть' to fall.
Could someone explain this to me because they look like entirely different words to my untrained eyes. Even just a ...
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1
answer
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Are there inflectives in Russian?
Recently I learned that there is a special form of verbs in German, called "inflective", which emerged in German language just recently (less than 60 years ago), and that they sometimes grupped with ...
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3
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"Действующий и будущий регуляторы" - why not "действующие и будущие"?
Действующий и будущий регуляторы отрасли — Минфин и ЦБ — согласовали проект реформы аудита в России.
This is from an article from kommersant.ru, why are the adjectives at the start in nominal ...
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when to use the short form of an adjective?
I've noticed in more than an occasion that the short form of adjective is used in places where I would use the normal (long) form typically for example:
I was listening to a song in Russian is which ...
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3
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со днём vs. с днём
I'm aware that о is added to some prepositions for historical reasons in some combinations (со дня, ко мне, во сне, etc.). A student recently asked why we usually say с днём рождения instead of со ...
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Why "две ванные"?
As I understand it, ванная is a substantive adjective (just learned that googling for an answer for this) that acts as a noun, but still declines like an adjective. Shouldn't it be the genitive plural ...
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4
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How to tell a personal vs. impersonal sentence?
I read an example that said this sentence was personal:
Его ослепила молния
and this one impersonal:
Его ослепило молнией
To me they both mean "The lightning blinded him." I don't really understand ...
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4
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What is the grammatical rationale for using the imperfective "рассыпа́ться" or the perfective "рассы́паться"?
Это все хорошо. Но ни к чему рассыпаться из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях.
Тhis comes from one of the grammar-related questions in the most advanced level of the national Russian proficiency ...
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3
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Auxiliary verbs
When learning Russian grammar, the only auxiliary verb that is explained is быть, which is used for forming the imperfective future tense.
However, occasionally I have seen sentences where идти is ...
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3
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"Что–то" or "что–нибудь"
They both mean "something" but I have seen somewhere that there is a subtle difference between their respective senses. Could someone give me a hint at the difference along with sentences?
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A children's riddle asks: 'А и Б сидели на трубе. А упало, Б пропало — что осталось на трубе?'
A children's riddle asks А и Б сидели на трубе. А упало, Б пропало - что осталось на трубе?
Правописание(Spelling). The answer is И!.
But if you search the web you will find an approximately equal ...
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1
answer
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"занял целые 5 лет" or "занял целыx 5 лет"?
What's the right way of saying "Этот процесс занял целые пять лет" or "Этот процесс занял целыx пять лет". I guess it's accusative inanimate, so it should be целые, am I correct?
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votes
2
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Why is "счастливый" in instrumental case in the following sentence?
I translated the sentence "You make me happy." to Russian with an online translator. And it translated that as "ты делаешь меня счастливым.". Why is the instrumental case necessary here?
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5
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Почему так часто "ничего" а не "ничто"? (Why "ничего" and not "ничто"?)
I understand the declension of что -- it's inanimate/неодушевлённый, so of course it should be
Nom: что
Acc: что
Gen: чего
Dat: чему
Inst: чем
Prep: чём
Likewise кто is animate/одушевлённый, so it ...
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